Digital certificates are typically issued and signed by:

• A. Certificate Authority
• B. Certificate Repository
• C. Security Center
• D. Key History

Answer: (A)

Digital certificates are part of a system that binds a public key to a verified identity, and the trusted issuer that does the binding is the certificate authority. The certificate authority issues certificates and signs them with its private key, creating a verifiable link between the identity and the public key. When a certificate is presented, others can verify the signature using the CA’s public key, which is trusted because the CA’s certificate is included in browsers and operating systems. Sometimes there are intermediate authorities that bridge to a root CA, but the core idea remains: a certificate is issued and signed by a certificate authority.

Storing certificates in a repository doesn’t create or sign them, a security center isn’t the standard PKI role, and key history is about past keys, not issuing certificates.